Python does not make use of access specifiers specifically like private, public, protected, etc. However, it does not derive this from any variables. It has the concept of imitating the behaviour of variables by making use of a single (protected) or double underscore (private) as prefixed to the variable names. By default, the variables without prefixed underscores are public.
Example:
# to demonstrate access specifiers
class InterviewbitEmployee:
# protected members
_emp_name = None
_age = None
# private members
__branch = None
# constructor
def __init__(self, emp_name, age, branch):
self._emp_name = emp_name
self._age = age
self.__branch = branch
#public member
def display():
print(self._emp_name +" "+self._age+" "+self.__branch)
By using Parent class name: You can use the name of the parent class to access the attributes as shown in the example below:
class Parent(object):
# Constructor
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
class Child(Parent):
# Constructor
def __init__(self, name, age):
Parent.name = name
self.age = age
def display(self):
print(Parent.name, self.age)
# Driver Code
obj = Child("Interviewbit", 6)
obj.display()
By using super(): The parent class members can be accessed in child class using the super keyword.
class Parent(object):
# Constructor
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
class Child(Parent):
# Constructor
def __init__(self, name, age):
'''
In Python 3.x, we can also use super().__init__(name)
'''
super(Child, self).__init__(name)
self.age = age
def display(self):
# Note that Parent.name cant be used
# here since super() is used in the constructor
print(self.name, self.age)
# Driver Code
obj = Child("Interviewbit", 6)
obj.display()